The shoulder is one of the most dynamic joints in the body. It can move in many directions, but that same mobility also makes it one of the most vulnerable. A rotator cuff injury occurs when the rotator cuff, a group of four muscles and tendons surrounding the shoulder joint, becomes damaged. These muscles work together to help lift and rotate your arm while keeping the shoulder moving smoothly and in control. When one or more of these tendons become inflamed, irritated, or torn, it can lead to rotator cuff symptoms such as pain, weakness, and limited mobility. Understanding what a rotator cuff injury is and what the symptoms of a rotator cuff injury are can help you recognize the issue early.

Common causes of rotator cuff injuries

Rotator cuff injuries often result from repetitive overhead movements, sudden trauma, or age-related wear and tear. Athletes who play baseball, tennis, or swim frequently are at higher risk, as are workers who lift heavy objects or perform repetitive shoulder motions. Over time, these activities can cause tiny tears that worsen if not properly treated. For people who are active, understanding training with a rotator cuff injury safely is important to prevent further damage.

Recognizing the symptoms

A rotator cuff injury can develop suddenly after a fall or gradually over time. Common rotator cuff injury symptoms include:

• Shoulder pain that worsens when lifting or reaching overhead
• Weakness in the arm
• Difficulty sleeping on the affected side
• A crackling sensation (crepitus) when moving the shoulder

If you have ever wondered how to tell if you have a rotator cuff injury, these symptoms are the earliest clues. If symptoms persist for more than a few days or worsen with activity, it is best to consult a healthcare professional. Early intervention can prevent more serious damage and shorten overall rotator cuff injury recovery time.

Diagnosis and treatment options

A healthcare provider will typically perform a physical examination, assess your range of motion, and may order imaging such as an MRI or ultrasound to determine the extent of the injury. While you might try lifting or rotating your arm at home to see what bothers your shoulder, rotator cuff injuries can’t be diagnosed this way. A clinician uses specific movement tests — plus your exam history — to determine what’s really going on.

Mild cases of tendonitis or small tears often respond well to conservative care, including rest, ice, and physical therapy. In more severe cases, where there’s a full-thickness tear, surgery may be recommended to repair the torn tendon. Post-surgical rehabilitation is crucial to restore function and prevent stiffness.

The role of physical therapy in recovery

Physical therapy plays a vital role in both non-surgical and post-surgical recovery. A licensed physical therapist designs a personalized exercise plan to strengthen shoulder muscles, improve flexibility, and restore proper movement patterns. Gentle PT exercises for rotator cuff injury can gradually rebuild shoulder stability and support long-term healing.

With Luna, patients can receive one-on-one care from a licensed therapist without leaving their home. This convenient model ensures consistency in treatment and faster recovery, especially for those managing pain or limited mobility. For many patients, this becomes a key part of their rotator cuff treatment and overall rotator cuff recovery plan.

Recovery timeline and prevention tips

Recovery time depends on the severity of the injury and the treatment approach. Mild rotator cuff strains may heal in a few weeks with proper rest and rehabilitation, while surgical recoveries can take several months. To help prevent future injuries:

• Warm up and stretch before activity
• Avoid repetitive overhead motions when possible
• Strengthen shoulder and back muscles
• Practice good posture during daily activities

Many individuals also ask how to sleep with a rotator cuff injury, as nighttime discomfort is common. A supported side-lying or reclined position often reduces strain on the healing shoulder.

When to seek help

If shoulder pain limits your ability to perform daily activities or sleep comfortably, it’s time to seek help. A Luna physical therapist can evaluate your symptoms and develop a custom plan for at-home care and recovery. Book a visit today and take the first step toward moving pain-free again.